![]() The Pledge of Allegiance written in the hand of its author, Francis Bellamy.īy the 1920s, Italian fascists adopted what has been called the Roman salute to symbolize their claim to have revitalized Italy on the model of ancient Rome. Though the instruction called for the palm to be up, many found this awkward, and performed it with the palm down. The initial civilian salute was replaced with a hand-on-heart gesture, followed by the extension of the arm as described by Bellamy. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side. Another signal is given every pupil gives the flag the military salute - right hand lifted, palm downward, to align with the forehead and close to it. The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on Octoaccording to Bellamy's published instructions for the “National School Celebration of Columbus Day”:Īt a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Bellamy recalled that Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said “Now up there is the flag I come to salute as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag,' I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow.” Upham, junior partner and editor of The Youth's Companion. ![]() The inventor of the Bellamy salute was James B. It was officially replaced by the hand-over-heart salute when Congress amended the Flag Code on December 22, 1942. This resulted in controversy over the use of the Bellamy salute in the United States. Later, during the 1920s and 1930s, Italian fascists and Nazis adopted a salute which was very similar, and which was derived from the Roman salute, a gesture that was popularly (albeit erroneously) believed to have been used in ancient Rome. Both the Pledge and its salute originated in 1892. ![]() During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the “flag salute”. The Bellamy salute is a palm-out salute described by Francis Bellamy, the author of the American Pledge of Allegiance, as the gesture which was to accompany the pledge. In fact, the Bellamy salute is an interesting aside on the history of the Pledge of Allegiance itself. Despite how it might look, the Bellamy Salute had nothing to do with Nazi dictator Adolph Hitler, but it did cause quite stir many years ago. The American schoolchildren in the picture below are showing their loyalty to the flag and country by giving the “Bellamy salute” while reciting the Pledge of Allegiance.
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